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  1. #1
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    Lightbulb The Voyagers …in Interstellar Space


    A team of scientists has detected sudden bursts of cosmic rays around the Voyagers. The bursts, they report, are caused by shock waves emanating from solar eruptions that spew particles out at a million miles an hour. The shock waves take more than a year to reach the Voyagers, but when they do, they excite cosmic-ray electrons nearby. Scientists have observed similar phenomena closer to home, around Earth and our planetary neighbors, but never in interstellar space. — Marina Koren, The Atlantic
    ____________________________________________________



    Our Milky Way Galaxy: How Big is Space?





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  3. #2
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    Quote Originally Posted by sandGroundZero View Post

    ____________________________________________________



    Our Milky Way Galaxy: How Big is Space?
    That video made my head hurt

    It's hard to imagine those distances, even illustrated in a video.

  4. #3
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    Fascinating and thanks for the video. Absolutely mind blowing subject, and very humbling.

  5. #4
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    On the understanding of the distances involved over time - it can be clearly seen why there could not be any life within our Universe, nor any aliens for that matter. It would require several generations of a family to make one journey to Earth. Out side of our Universe? We do not know and can only imagine, but at present, the speed of light is the highest speed that can be achieved..

  6. #5
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    Mind boggling. There MUST be other life forms out there. Neither us nor them have worked out how to meet. A bit like 2 fish tanks either side of a chimney breast. No knowledge of the others existance.

  7. #6
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    Quote Originally Posted by greenmachine View Post
    Mind boggling. There MUST be other life forms out there. Neither us nor them have worked out how to meet. A bit like 2 fish tanks either side of a chimney breast. No knowledge of the others existance.
    There could be - but not in our Universe there is not and in our life time we will never get to know.

    We do not know exactly what another planet would need to sustain life as we have nothing to compare with. A planet to support human life would, I think, would have to have a universe similar to ours, since the interaction in outer space directly affects life on Earth, sun and moon etc., there would have to be water on the surface of the planet, teh planet would need a similar orbital spin and path, would need the same elements in a similar arrangement to create gravity of a similar measure. Have I missed anything?

  8. #7
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    News Astounding!

    Name:  Ingenuity on Mars_bladeTest.jpg
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    Ingenuity on Mars — stretching its wings!

    I'm staggered!

  9. #8
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    Quote Originally Posted by said View Post
    There could be - but not in our Universe there is not and in our life time we will never get to know.

    We do not know exactly what another planet would need to sustain life as we have nothing to compare with. A planet to support human life would, I think, would have to have a universe similar to ours, since the interaction in outer space directly affects life on Earth, sun and moon etc., there would have to be water on the surface of the planet, teh planet would need a similar orbital spin and path, would need the same elements in a similar arrangement to create gravity of a similar measure. Have I missed anything?
    yep .we are looking at space universe travel in the three dimensional senses reality.the power of the mind and spirit transcends the physical realities.

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  11. #9
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    Education James Webb telescope





    The James Webb Space Telescope is about the same size
    as a tennis court and about as tall as a 3-story building! Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech


    _________________________________________________________________________________

    Its destination:
    Name:  Lagrange 2.png
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    1.5 million kilometers from Earth


    L2 is one of the so-called Lagrangian points, discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. Lagrangian points are locations in space where gravitational forces and the orbital motion of a body balance each other. Therefore, they can be used by spacecraft to 'hover'. L2 is located 1.5 million kilometres directly 'behind' the Earth as viewed from the Sun. It is about four times further away from the Earth than the Moon ever gets and orbits the Sun at the same rate as the Earth.
    Last edited by sandGroundZero; 29/12/2021 at 10:23 AM.

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  13. #10
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    Quote Originally Posted by sandGroundZero View Post
    The James Webb Space Telescope is about the same size as a tennis court and about as tall as a 3-story building!
    Absolutely amazing technological achievement and launched not by the USA, Russia or China - but sent on its way courtesy of the ESA. Makes one proud to be a European!
    On Yer Bike!

    www.20splentyforus.co.uk

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  15. #11
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    Webb’s Arrival at Final Destination

    Name:  Lagrange 2.png
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    1.5 million kilometers from Earth

    L2 is one of the so-called Lagrangian points, discovered by mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. Lagrangian points are locations in space where gravitational forces and the orbital motion of a body balance each other. Therefore, they can be used by spacecraft to 'hover'. L2 is located 1.5 million kilometres directly 'behind' the Earth as viewed from the Sun. It is about four times further away from the Earth than the Moon ever gets and orbits the Sun at the same rate as the Earth.


    _________________________________________________________________________________



    Credit: Steve Sabia/NASA Goddard

    Ground teams plan to fire Webb’s thrusters at 2 p.m. Monday, Jan. 24 to insert the space telescope into orbit around the Sun at the second Lagrange point, or L2, its intended destination, nearly 1 million miles from Earth. This mid-course correction burn has long been planned for approximately 29 days after launch. This week, the mission operations team selected the target date and time for the burn. Engineers also finished remotely moving Webb’s mirror segments out of their launch positions to begin the months-long process of aligning the telescope’s optics.

    The observatory is now preparing for science operations, a human-controlled process called commissioning that provides the team with the flexibility to pause and adjust as needed. NASA provides regular updates about commissioning milestones on the Webb telescope blog. The public also can follow Webb’s progress online via a “Where is Webb?” interactive tracker.
    — NASA press release this week
    "Now that Webb’s primary mirror segments and secondary mirror have been deployed from their launch positions, engineers will begin the sophisticated three-month process of aligning the telescope’s optics to nearly nanometer precision." — the blog

  16. #12
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    Education …an astrophysical curiosity (— or so it seems to me)

    NASA's text and accompanying illustration indicate the Webb telescope will orbit L2; that is, it is not located precisely at L2 (which is a mathematical abstraction insofar as it defined by the sum of gravitational forces acting at that point).


    Note that it is simpler, easier, and more efficient to orbit around L2 than to dwell precisely at L2. Furthermore, by orbiting rather than being exactly at L2, Webb will never have the Sun eclipsed by Earth, which is necessary for Webb’s thermal stability and for power generation. In fact, Webb’s orbit around L2 is larger in size than the Moon’s orbit around Earth! L2 is also convenient for always maintaining contact with the Mission Operations Center on Earth through the Deep Space Network. Other space-based observatories including WMAP, Herschel, and Planck orbit Sun-Earth L2 for the same reasons.

    Generally speaking, getting a spacecraft to Sun-Earth L2 is fairly straightforward, but Webb’s architecture added a wrinkle. Karen Richon, Webb’s Flight Dynamics lead engineer, describes getting Webb to L2 and keeping it there:

    “Think about throwing a ball straight up in the air, as hard as you can; it starts out very fast, but slows down as gravity pulls it back towards Earth, eventually stopping at its peak and then returning to the ground. Similar to your arm giving the ball energy to go up a few meters from the Earth’s surface, the Ariane 5 rocket gave Webb energy to go the great distance of 1.1 million kilometers, but not quite enough energy to escape Earth’s gravity. Just like the ball, Webb is slowing down, and, if we allowed it, would eventually stop and fall back towards Earth. Unlike the ball, Webb wouldn’t return to the Earth’s surface, but would be in an extremely elliptical orbit, with a perigee altitude of 300 kilometers and an apogee altitude of 1,300,000 kilometers. Utilizing thrust every three weeks or so from small rocket engines aboard Webb will keep it orbiting L2, looping around it in a halo orbit once every six months.

    “So, why did the Ariane not give Webb more energy and why did Webb need course correction? If the Ariane had given Webb even a little bit too much energy than needed to get it to L2, it would be going too fast when it got there and would overshoot its desired science orbit. Webb would have to do a significant braking maneuver by thrusting toward the Sun to slow down. Not only would that big burn cost a lot of propellant, it would be impossible because it would require Webb to turn 180 degrees in order to thrust toward the Sun, which would have exposed its telescope optics and instruments directly to the Sun, thus overheating their structures and literally melting the glue that holds them together. Mounting thrusters on the telescope as a way to direct braking thrust was infeasible for a number of reasons and was never a design option.

    “Therefore, Webb requested just enough energy from the Ariane rocket to ensure that we would never have to do a retro burn, but would always require a burn from the observatory to precisely make up the difference and place it in the desired orbit. The Ariane 5 targeted Webb so accurately that our first and most critical burn was smaller than we had to plan and design for, leaving more fuel for an extended mission!”
    —Karen Richon, Webb Flight Dynamics lead engineer, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

  17. #13
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    Quote Originally Posted by said View Post
    There could be - but not in our Universe there is not and in our life time we will never get to know.

    We do not know exactly what another planet would need to sustain life as we have nothing to compare with. A planet to support human life would, I think, would have to have a universe similar to ours, since the interaction in outer space directly affects life on Earth, sun and moon etc., there would have to be water on the surface of the planet, teh planet would need a similar orbital spin and path, would need the same elements in a similar arrangement to create gravity of a similar measure. Have I missed anything?
    Even if we found a suitable exoplanet, it would be xtremely difficult to get there. The nearest star, Barnards, is I think is 4.5 light years away.
    At ten percent the speed of light, which is 67 million miles an hour, it would take 45 years to get there, at one percent the s o l, 6.7 million miles an hour, it would take 450 years.
    Very unattainable speeds I would suggest, so just enjoy the movies and that we do not continue on our current planet killing ways.
    Please be aware that due to visual impairment I will occasionally post typos in error.

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  19. #14
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    Quote Originally Posted by DixieRoy View Post
    Even if we found a suitable exoplanet, it would be xtremely difficult to get there. The nearest star, Barnards, is I think is 4.5 light years away.
    At ten percent the speed of light, which is 67 million miles an hour, it would take 45 years to get there, at one percent the s o l, 6.7 million miles an hour, it would take 450 years.
    Very unattainable speeds I would suggest, so just enjoy the movies and that we do not continue on our current planet killing ways.
    Man cannot ever beat nature.

  20. #15
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    It is interesting how the Voyagers keep sending signals. They both were launched in 1977. They send signals via RPG's that have an average life time of 14 years?? TheVoyagers send out signals at 23 watts p/s (Mobile phones use 3 Watts) - the power budget decreases by 4 watts per year.

    Please explain?

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