Today is.................

[Alikado]

International Adjust your Chair Day

International Gin and Tonic Day

World Pediatric Bone and Joint Day

1216 King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry

1722 Frenchman C Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher

1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown ; US Revolutionary War ends

1812 Napoleon's forces begin their retreat from Moscow

1845 Richard Wagner's opera "Tannhäuser" premieres in Dresden

1870 British steamship SS Cambria wrecked off the north-west of Ireland with the loss of 178 lives

1901 Edward Elgar's "Pomp & Circumstance March" premieres in Liverpool

1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins

1926 Russian Politburo throws out Leon Trotsky and his followers

1932 British government signs trade agreement with Soviet Union

1939 Hermann Goering begins plunder through Nazi's occupied areas

1943 – The cargo vessel Sinfra is attacked by Allied aircraft at Crete and sunk. 2,098 Italian prisoners of war drown.

1943 Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University

1954 First ascent of Cho Oyu, sixth highest mountain in the world at 8,201 metres

1958 Stirling Moss wins season ending Moroccan Grand Prix at Ain-Diab but fellow Brit Mike Hawthorn takes World Drivers Championship from Moss by just 1 point by finishing second; first British world champion

1964 Tamara Press of the Soviet Union wins the women's discus with an Olympic record throw 57.27m in Tokyo; first of 2 gold medals at the Games (shot put)

1969 Scottish Matra-Ford driver Jackie Stewart finishes 4th in season ending Mexican Grand Prix to win his first F1 World Drivers Championship by 26 points from Jacky Ickx of Belgium

1987 – Black Monday: The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. In London the value of quoted shares fell by £50bn as the FT 30-share index dived 183.7 points to 1629.2. The FTSE index also crashed more than 300 points with a loss of £63bn.

1989 – The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.

2005 Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity

2005 Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb

Born Today ;-

1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch speed skater and cyclist, He is the only male athlete to win world championships in both speed skating and bicycle racing

1909 Robert Beatty Canadian born actor (2001: A Space Odyssey, Where Eagles Dare), born in Hamilton, Ontario

1931 John le Carré, British intelligence officer and author

1933 – Brian Booth, Australian cricketer Hockey International and educator (not Brian Booth Lancs & England)

1937 – Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer was the first person to swim across Lake Ontario and later was the youngest swimmer of the English Channel and also swam Strait of Juan de Fuca.

1940 – Michael Gambon actor (Singing Detective, Paris at Night, Maigret) born Dublin

1941 Simon Ward, actor (4 Musketeers, 4 Feathers), born in London

1944 George McCrae, American singer (Lead Me On, Rock Your Baby)

1945 – Gloria Jones, American singer-songwriter "The Queen of Northern Soul", (Mrs Marc Bolan)

1946 Philip Pullman, writer - His Dark Materials

1954 – Sam Allardyce Everton & England football manager

1962 Evander Holyfield, American boxer (Olympic bronze 1988) and world champion (1990-92), born in Atmore, Alabama

1968 Sinitta, singer (So Macho, Toy Boy), born in Seattle

1983 – Andy Lonergan, Irish footballer(1) Born Preston awaiting Liverpool debut

Died today ;-

1216 – John, King of England (1199-1216), agreed to the Magna Carta, dies at 49

1745 Jonathan Swift Irish author and satirist (Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal)

1905 – Virgil Earp, Deputy U.S. Marshal, Tombstone, Arizona,, led his brothers Morgan, Wyatt and Doc Holliday in a confrontation with outlaw Cowboys at the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral

1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, cellist, married pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim, dies at 42, suffered from MS

1992 – Magnus Pyke scientist and television host

2014 Lynda Bellingham Canadian-born English actress, dies from colon cancer at 66

[Alikado]

The International Day of the Air Traffic Controller

International Chefs Day

World Osteoporosis Day

World Statistics Day

1714 Georg Ludwig von Hannover crowned as Britain's King George I

1791 Prince of Wales Gallops Out of Horseracing After Scandal
https://www.onthisday.com/articles/p...0aa9-113104501

1818 – The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and the United Kingdom, which settles the Canada–United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length.

1822 1st edition of London Sunday Times

1835 HMS Beagle leaves Galapagos Archipelago to sail to Tahiti

1877 Franz Schubert's 2nd Symphony in B premieres

1910 The hull of the RMS Olympic, sister-ship to the ill-fated RMS Titanic, is launched

1912 Hannes Kolehmainen runs world record marathon (2:29:39.2) 12/10/2019 Eliud Kipchoge sets new record (1:59:40)

1934 Richard Strauss completes his opera "Die Schweigsame Frau"

1935 Communist forces end their Long March at Yan'an, in Shaanxi, China, bringing Mao Zedong to prominence

1935 400,000 demonstrators against fascism in Madrid

1935 Anti-fascist People's Front forms in Brussels

1940 Cheese rationed in Netherlands

1940 Greenhouse rationing begins in Netherlands

1941 – Thousands of civilians in German-occupied Serbia are murdered in the Kragujevac massacre.

1944 Liquid-gas tanks in Cleveland, Ohio, explode, 135 die, 3,600 homeless

1944 Soviet and Yugoslav troops free Belgrade

1944 US 1st army wins battle of Aachen

1944 – American general Douglas MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he commands an Allied assault on the islands.

1955 Publication of "The Return of the King", the 3rd and final volume of "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien

1963 South Africa begins trial of Nelson Mandela & 8 others on conspiracy

1964 Ann Packer of Great Britain runs a world record 2:01.1 to win the women's 800m gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics

1964 Tamara Press of the Soviet Union wins her second gold medal in 2 days by taking out the women's shot put at the Tokyo Olympics; Press' second consecutive Olympic shot put title

1968 Kenyan runner Kip Keino wins 1,500m gold medal at the Mexico City Olympics in 3:34.91 despite a severe gall bladder infection

1968 American Dick Fosbury using his unconventional technique wins the men's high jump gold medal with 2.24m at the Mexico City Olympics; "Fosbury Flop" becomes accepted most efficient technique

1968 Widow Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis on the island of Scorpios

1972 John Betjeman is appointed British Poet Laureate by Queen Elizabeth II

1982 During the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem, 66 people are crushed to death in the Luzhniki disaster.

1987 Dow-Jones increases 102.27 pts/608,120,000 shares traded (record)

1996 Wasim Akram (257) & Saqlain Mushtaq gets cricket Test record 313 for 8th wicket, vs Zimbabwe at Sheikhupura

1997 US accuses Microsoft of violating pact forcing IE browser on computers

2007 Future French President Emmanuel Macron (30) marries teacher Brigitte Trogneux (54)

2011 – Libyan Civil War: Rebel forces capture Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown of Sirte

2014 Laquan McDonald (17) is shot dead by Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke while jaywalking, the murder caught on video footage

2015 Migrants arriving in Greece top 500,00 for the year, according to the UN

Born Today ;-

1632 - Sir Christopher Wren astronomer and architect (St. Paul's Cathedral), born in East Knoyle, Wiltshire

1823 Thomas Hughes, English politician and author (Tom Brown's School Days), born in Uffington

1874 – Charles Ives, American composer

1882 – Bela Lugosi [Blaskó], Austrian actor (Dracula, Plan 9 From Outer Space), born in Lugos, Austro-Hungarian Empire

1904 – Anna Neagle actress (London Melody, Nurse Edith Cavell), born in London

1904 Tommy Douglas, Canadian politician (Father of Medicare), born in Falkirk, Scotland

1915 Giora Schuster, composer

1917 Ken Cranston, Dentist & cricketer (Lancashire & England all-rounder captained once in 1948) Born Aigburth, Liverpool became the oldest living former English Test cricketer on 28 December 2006, on the death of Norman 'Mandy' Mitchell-Innes. Following his own death at 89 eleven days later in Southport, that distinction passed to Arthur McIntyre.

1934 Timothy West, English actor (Brass), born in Bradford

1940 – Kathy Kirby singer

1956 Danny Boyle, film director (Trainspotting, Slumdog Millionaire), born in Manchester

1961 – Ian Rush Liverpool & Wales footballer

1972 1972 Will Greenwood, Waterloo & England rugby union player as was father Dick Greenwood, born in Blackburn

Died today ;-

1842 Grace Darling, heroine, In the early hours of 7 September 1838 looking from an upstairs window of Longstone Lighthouse, spotted the wreck and survivors of the Forfarshire, with father William determined that the weather was too rough for the lifeboat to put out from Seahouses, so they took a rowing boat (a 21 ft (6.4 m), 4-man Northumberland coble) across to rescue four men and the lone surviving woman. Grace and her father were awarded the Silver Medal for bravery by the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck

1952 Basil Radford, British actor (Sherlock Homes, The Lady Vanishes, Whiskey Galore, Night Train), dies from a heart attack

1964 Herbert Hoover 31st President of US (1929-33), dies in NY at 90

1968 – Bud Flanagan [Chaim Reuben Weintrop], English comedian (duo with Chesney Alley)

1970 Patrick Wymark Actor

1988 Sheila Scott, English aviator (completed 1st round-the-world solo flight by a woman) broke over 100 aviation records

1989 – Anthony Quayle actor (Anne of 1000 Days, Lawrence of Arabia), dies from liver cancer (Ainsdale born)

1994 – Burt Lancaster actor (Spartacus, Apartment, From Here to Eternity, Elmer Gantry)

2011 – Muammar Gaddafi Libyan revolutionary, political theorist and dictator (1969-2011), beaten to death in captivity by a Misratan militia
2011 – Mutassim Gaddafi (son)

2015 – Michael Meacher Politician

[Alikado]

Trafalgar Day

Apple Day

International Day of the Nacho

Global Dignity Day

Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders

1520 Explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his fleet reach Cape Virgenes and become the first Europeans to sail into the Pacific Ocean

1789 French Revolution: The National Assembly declares martial law in France to prevent uprisings

1805 Battle of Trafalgar

1824 – Portland cement is patented by Joseph Aspdin

1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War

1858 Jacques Offenbach's operetta " Orpheus in the Underworld" (Orphée aux Enfers) premieres in Paris, includes "Infernal Galop" (can-can tune)

1879 – Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his design for an incandescent light bulb.

1914 Battle of Warsaw ends with German defeat

1915 1st transatlantic radiotelephone message, Arlington, Va to Paris

1917 -American soldiers first saw action in World War I, US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command

1917 Petrograds garrison accepts Revolutionary Military Committee

1918 Margaret Owen sets world typing speed record of 170 wpm for 1 min

1938 Japanese troops occupies Canton

1940 – The first edition of the Ernest Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published.

1940 RAF drops 1st anti-nazi pamphlets on Netherlands

1944 – The first kamikaze attack damages HMAS Australia as the Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.

1944 – The Nemmersdorf massacre against German civilians, French & Belguim PoWs takes place by Soviet troops, reported that all the 72 dead females had been raped (they ranged in age from 8 to 84) the civilians were allegedly killed by blows with shovels or gun butts.

1944 Canadian troops occupy Breskens

1944 US troops capture Aachen, 1st large German city to fall

1945 Women in France allowed to vote for 1st time

1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons

1958 1st women in British House of Lords

1960 1st British nuclear sub HMS Dreadnought launched

1964 Polish 4×100m women's relay team runs a world record 43.6 to beat the US by 0.3s and win the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics; Teresa Ciep?y, Irena Kirszenstein, Halina Górecka & Ewa K?obukowska

1964 Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia runs a world record 2:12:11.2 to beat Briton Basil Heatley by more than 4 minutes and win the men's marathon at the Tokyo Olympics; first athlete to win Olympic marathon twice

1964 New Zealand athlete Peter Snell wins the 1,500m at the Tokyo Olympics; his second gold medal of the Games (800m); 3rd career gold

1966 116 children and 28 adults died as a coal waste heap slid and engulfed a school in Aberfan, South Wales

1971 – A gas explosion kills 22 people at a shopping centre near Glasgow,

1983 – The metre is defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second

2014 Oscar Pistorius is sentenced to five years in prison for killing his girlfriend Reeva SteenkampBorn today

2019 World's oldest natural pearl, 8,000 years old, announced discovered during excavations at Marawah Island, near Abu Dhabi, UAE

Born Today ;-

1449 George, Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV and Richard III

1772 Samuel Taylor Coleridge romantic poet (Rime of Ancient Mariner), born in Ottery St Mary, Devon

1833 – Alfred Nobel, chemist and engineer, invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prize born in Stockholm

1880 Reggie Spooner, Lancs & England cricket batsman (10 Tests; dual cricket/rugby union international), born in St Helens

1917 – Dizzy Gillespie, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader

1926 – Leonard Rossiter actor (Rising Damp, The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin), born in Liverpool

1940 – Geoffrey Boycott, dour England cricketer, born Barnsley

1944 – Mandy Rice-Davies model and actress - Profumo Affair

1949 Benjamin Netanyahu born in Tel Aviv, Israel

1953 – Peter Mandelson, politician

1956 Carrie Fisher, American actress (Princess Leia in Star Wars, When Harry Met Sally...) and writer (Postcards from the Edge), born in Beverly Hills

1959 – Kevin Sheedy, Liverpool, Everton & Eire footballer and manager, Welsh born, the first-ever Republic of Ireland player to score a goal in the World Cup finals

1980 – Kim Kardashian Famous for being Famous, TV personality (Keeping Up with the Kardashians), born in Los Angeles

Died today ;-

1422 Charles VI "the Well Beloved", King of France

1805 Admiral Horatio Nelson dies in Battle of Trafalgar

1896 James Henry Greathead, mechanical and civil engineer, Liverpool Overhead Railway

1970 John T. Scopes, American teacher convicted for teaching evolution (Scopes "monkey trial" 1925)

1973 Sir Alan Cobham Aviation Pioneer / Test Pilot / Cobhams Flying Circus / In Flight Refueling

1980 Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician and eponym of Asperger syndrome, dies at 74

1996 Eric Halsall, sheepdog trial commentator, dies at 76

[Alikado]

INTERNATIONAL CAPS LOCK DAY

International Stuttering Awareness Day

1707 – Four British naval vessels run aground on the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. In response, the first Longitude Act is enacted in 1714. 1400 - 200 lost

1797 André-Jacques Garnerin took to the sky in a hydrogen balloon, cutting himself adrift performed the first ‘parachute’ descent.

1877 The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners. Those widows and orphans who were unable to support themselves were evicted by the mine owners and likely sent to the Poor House.

1878 The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton. (elsewhere claims Bramall Lane)

1879 Thomas Edison perfects carbonized cotton filament light bulb

1881 Boston Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert

1884 – The Royal Observatory in Britain is adopted as the prime meridian of longitude.

1897 World's first car dealer opens in London

1910 – Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife and was subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison in London.

1930 1st concert of BBC Symphony Orchestra, under Adrian Boult

1943 – World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the RAF conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.

1947 – The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan begins, having started just after the partition of India. Area still disputed.

1957 – Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam

1949 Emile Zatopek runs world record 10,000m (29:21.2)

1962 Cuban missile crisis: US President John F. Kennedy addresses TV about Russian missile bases in Cuba and imposes a naval blockade on Cuba, beginning the missile crisis

1964 French philosopher and author Jean-Paul Sartre refuses Nobel prize

1966 - Double Agent George Blake escapes from Wormwood Scrubs.

1966 – The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album (The Supremes A' Go-Go).

1976 Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs. The dye is still used in Canada.

1978 Grete Weitz runs female world record marathon (2:32:29.8)

1981 US national debt tops $1 trillion

2001 – Grand Theft Auto III is released, popularizing a genre of open-world, action-adventure video games, as well as spurring controversy around violence in video games.

2008 Google Play is launched, the official app store for the Android operating system

2009 Microsoft releases Windows 7

2012 6 Italian scientists are convicted of manslaughter for their failure to predict the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake

2019 US drug company Biogen claims to have created 1st drug to slow advance of Alzheimer's disease called Aducanumab

2019 – Same-sex marriage is legalised, and abortion is decriminalised in Northern Ireland as a result of the Northern Ireland Assembly not being restored.

Born today ;-

1811 – Franz Liszt Hungarian romantic composer and virtuoso pianist (Faust Symphony), born in Raiding, Hungary

1838 Carl Fuchs, German composer and musician, born in Potsdam

1844 – Sarah Bernhardt French actress

1870 Lord Alfred Douglas, poet, journalist and lover of Oscar Wilde, born in Powick, Worcestershire

1917 Joan Fontaine actress (Gunga Din, Ivanhoe, Rebecca), born in Tokyo

1923 – Bert Trautmann footballer, PoW who stayed, Man City Goalkeeper, Played 20 mins 1956 Cup Final with a broken neck which was discovered 3 days later.

1929 Lev Yashin legendary Russian football goalkeeper (1954-1967)

1935 Judy Devlin Hashman, Canadian, 10 time badminton champ (1957-67) won nearly 100 international tiles

1938 – Derek Jacobi (Last Tango in Halifax, Cadfael, Lanner-Strauss Family, Dead Again), born in London

1939 – George Cohen (1966 World Cup), born in London

1943 Catherine Deneuve, [Dorleac], actress (Repulsion, Hunger), born in Paris

1949 – Arsène Wenger French football manager (Arsenal 1996-2018), born Strasbourg, France

1949 Glenn Ford, American freed death row inmate (wrongly spent 30 years in prison), born in Shreveport, Louisiana

1967 – Oona King, Baroness King of Bow, academic and politician

Died Today ;-

1906 Paul Cézanne French artist and Post-Impressionist painter (The Basket of Apples), dies of pneumonia

1917 Bob Fitzsimmons, English boxer (sport's first 3-division world champion; Middleweight, Light Heavyweight, Heavyweight), dies from pneumonia at 54

1989 Ewan MacColl [James Miller], Scottish folk singer-songwriter (The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face), dies at 74

1995 – Kingsley Amis author (Lucky Jim), dies of injuries from a fall at 73

1996 Matthew Harding, businessman/football supporter, dies in helicopter crash returning home from Chelsea's match at Bolton at 42

1998 – Eric Ambler novelist

[Alikado]

International Mole Day (Mole Day is an unofficial holiday celebrated among chemists, chemistry students and chemistry enthusiasts on October 23, between 6:02 a.m. and 6:02 p.m.,[1][2] making the date 6:02 10/23 in the American style of writing dates. The time and date are derived from the Avogadro number, which is approximately 6.02×1023, defining the number of particles (atoms or molecules) in one mole (mol) of substance, one of the seven base SI units.)


42 BC Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi - Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian. Brutus commits suicide.

1091 Tornado (possible T8/F4) strikes the heart of London killing two and demolishing the wooden London Bridge

1641 Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 - Catholic uprising in Ulster

1642 – The Battle of Edgehill is the first major battle of the English Civil War. King Charles I beat English parliamentarian forces

1668 Jews of Barbados forbidden to engage in retail trade

1690 Revolt in Haarlem after public ban on smoking

1707 The Parliament of Great Britain, created by the Acts of Union between England and Scotland, held its first meeting.

1739 War of Jenkins' Ear starts: British Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on Spain

1805 Sailing ship "Aeneus" sinks off Newfoundland killing 340

1814 1st plastic surgery is performed (England)

1854 Newspaper "The Times" gives precise British positions in Crimea during Crimean War

1915 An estimated 25,000 supporters in a women's suffrage march on New York's Fifth Ave, led by Dr. Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt, founder of the League of Women Voters

1922 Conservative Andrew Bonar Law forms government , replacing David Lloyd George's Liberal government

1942 Britain launches major offensive at El Alamein, Egypt

1942 – The Battle for Henderson Field begins on Guadalcanal.

1943 First Jewish transport out of Rome reaches camp Birkenau

1944 – The Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, is considered to have been the largest naval battle of World War II and, by some criteria, possibly the largest naval battle in history, with over 200,000 naval personnel involved.

1955 – The people of the Saar region vote in a referendum to unite with Germany instead of France.

1956 Thousands of Hungarians protest against the government and Soviet occupation. (The Hungarian Revolution is crushed on November 4).

1964 Future undisputed world heavyweight boxing champion Joe Frazier dominates German Hans Huber for an easy points win and the Olympic heavyweight gold medal in Tokyo

1970 Charles Haughey and two others are found not guilty of illegal arms importation by a Dublin jury; the 'Arms Trial' began on 28 May 1970

1971 Two female members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) are shot dead by the British Army in the Lower Falls area of Belfast

1971 Three Catholic civilians are shot dead by the British Army during an attempted robbery in Newry, County Down

1972 Loyalist paramilitaries carry out raid on an Ulster Defence Regiment

1973 – Watergate scandal: President Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations.

1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion

1991 "Les Miserables" opens at Mogador Theatre, Paris

1997 Dow Jones drops 186.88 pts

1998 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat reach a "land for peace" agreement.

2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks

2001 Apple Computer Inc. introduced the iPod portable digital music player.

2002 Moscow Theatre Siege begins: Chechen rebels seize the House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage

2012 – After 38 years, the world's first teletext service (BBC's Ceefax) ceases broadcast due to Northern Ireland completing the digital switchover.

2015 – The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.

2015 Adele releases her single "Hello" - becomes 1st song with more than a million downloads in 1st week

2018 World's longest sea-crossing bridge, the Hong Kong Macau Zhuhai bridge at 55km, opened by Chinese President Xi Jinping

2018 World's oldest intact shipwreck, ancient Greek vessel 2,400 years old, found at bottom of the Black Sea by archaeologists

2019 Hong Kong legislative scraps extradition bill that sparked months of unrest

2019 Lorry containing 39 bodies of Vietnamese nationals found in Essex, England, man arrested for people smuggling and murder

Born today ;-

1715 – Peter II, Russian emperor, Tsar of Russia (1727-30), born in Saint Petersburg

1868 Frederick Lanchester, English Engineer who built the first British petrol automobile

1900 Douglas Jardine (England Cricket Capt Bodyline Series)

1925 – Johnny Carson American comedian and TV host

1931 – Diana Dors [Fluck], British actress and singer (Berserk!, Steaming), born in Swindon

1940 Freddie Marsden, English rock drummer (Gerry and the Pacemakers), born in Liverpool

1940 – Pelé [Edson Arantes do Nascimento], Brazilian footballer (Player of the Century; 1,281 goals in 1,363 games), born in Três Corações, Brazil

1942 – Anita Roddick cosmetic manufacturer (Body Shop)

1944 – Mike Harding, singer-songwriter and comedian, , author, poet, broadcaster and multi-instrumentalist photographer, traveller, filmmaker and playwright, hillwalker and a former president, and now life vice president of the Ramblers' Association. Born Crumpsall, Manchester - "The Rochdale Cowboy", "My Brother Sylveste" / "Uncle Joe's Mint Balls"

1969 – Dolly Buster ( Nora Dvo?áková), Czech film producer and director, actress and author, a former adult film actress, starred in over one hundred Porn films, stood foe European Parliament 2004.

1976 Cat Deeley, model and television personality

1986 Emilia Clarke, actress (Game of Thrones), born in London

Died Today ;-

1915 Dr W. G. Grace English cricket all-rounder and captain (22 Tests; 54,896 runs over record 44 first class seasons; Gloucestershire), dies of a heart attack at 67

1921 John B Dunlop, Scottish inventor air tyre

1950 Al Jolson [Asa Yoelson], American-Lithuanian jazz singer and silent actor (Mamie, Swanee)

1957 Christian Dior French fashion designer (New Look), dies of a heart attack at 52

2014 Alvin Stardust, singer

2016 Peter Jozzeppi Burns, musician, singer, songwriter, and television personality. - Dead or Alive. was known for his ever-changing (and often androgynous) appearance, which he freely admitted was greatly modified by cosmetic surgery that eventually bankrupted him and caused health problems later in his life., born Port Sunlight.

[Alikado]

United Nations Day

World Development Information Day

World Polio Day

World Tripe Day

1648 - The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War and, effectively, the Holy Roman Empire.

1818 Felix Mendelssohn aged 9 performs his first public concert in Berlin

1857 – Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.

1901 First woman to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel (Anna Taylor)

1911 Orville Wright remained in the air 9 minutes and 45 seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina setting a new world record that stood for 10 years.

1922 Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish Free State

1929 – "Black Thursday" on the New York Stock Exchange.

1931 Gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years for tax evasion

1932 British government signs trade treaty with USSR

1939 Nazi require wearing of Star of David by Jews

1940 Adolf Hitler meets the Head of the French State Marshal Pétain

1945: United Nations Organisation is born

1946 A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket, launched from Whites Sands US, takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.

1964 Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) gains independence from Britain (National Day) with Kenneth Kaunda becoming President

1981: CND rally attracts over 250000

2003 Concorde makes its last commercial flight

2008 "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10% in most indices.

2008 Iceland receives a £1.3 billion bailout package from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1st European country to require an emergency loan as a result of the financial crisis

2009 First International Day of Climate Action, organized with 350.org, a global campaign to address a claimed global warming crisis.

Born Today ;-

1873 Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Southport, British mathematician (applied mathematics and the theory of special functions)

1882 - Dame Sybil Thorndike actress (Stage Fright, Gone to Earth), born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire

1895 Jack Warner [Waters], British actor (Dixon of Dock Green, Christmas Carol), born in London

1923 – Robin Day, Tv Broadcaster and journalist

1930 – The Big Bopper, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

1933 – Reginald Kray Notorius gangster
1933 – Ronald Kray

1936 Bill Wyman, English rocker (Rolling Stones-Under My Thumb), born in Lewisham, London

1948 – Phil Bennett, Welsh rugby player

1962 – Jonathan Davies Welsh rugby player Union & League , television host

1966 Roman Abramovich, Russian-Israeli oil magnate, born in Saratov, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, Chelsea FC owner

1967 – Esther McVey television host and politician

1971 Dervla Kirwan Irish TV and stage actress, born in Churchtown, Dublin

1985 – Wayne Rooney, Everton & England footballer

1986 – Drake, Canadian rapper and actor (Hotline Bling), born in Toronto

Died Today ;-

1537 Jane Seymour, 3rd wife of Henry VIII and Queen of England (1536-7), dies of postnatal complications at 28

1922 George Cadbury, chocolate and cocoa manufacturer

1944 – Louis Renault, co-founded the Renault Company

1945 Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian Minister of Defense and Prime Minister (1942-45), executed

1997 Adolph Blaine Charles David Earl Frederick Gerald Hubert Irvin John Kenneth Lloyd Martin Nero Oliver Paul Quincy Randolph Sherman Thomas Uncas Victor William Xerxes Yancy Zeus Wolfeschlegelsteinhausen, longest personal name

2005 Rosa Parks American civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger

2016 Bobby Vee, American pop singer (Night has a Thousand Eyes)

2017 Antione "Fats" Domino American pianist and singer-songwriter (Blueberry Hill, Blue Monday)

[Alikado]

International Artist Day

World Pasta Day

World Pizza Makers Day

1415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V's forces defeats with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry

1747 British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the second battle of Cape Finisterre

1760 George III becomes King of Great Britain

1854 The infamous Charge of Light Brigade during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War; 110 killed & 161 wounded out of approx 660

1859 Merchant vessel Royal Charter runs aground at Anglesey enroute from Austrailia to Liverpool, 459 die. A large quantity of gold was said to have been thrown up on the beach at Porth Alerth, with some families becoming rich overnight. The gold bullion being carried as cargo was insured for £322,000, but the total value of the gold on the ship must have been much higher as many of the passengers had considerable sums in gold, either on their bodies or deposited in the ship's strongroom. The "Moelfre Twenty-Eight" who had been involved in the rescue attempts sent a letter to The Times trying to set the record straight and refute the accusations.
Vincent Thurkettle, a prospector from Norfolk, found in 2012 what is Britain's biggest gold nugget while scouring the waters just off Anglesey. He kept his find secret until early May 2016 as he and friends continued to search for other debris from Royal Charter. He found the 97-gram (3.4 oz) nugget in water about five metres (16 ft) deep, about five metres (16 ft) from the shore. The nugget was about 40 metres (130 ft) from the site of Royal Charter's wreck, so Thurkettle had to notify the Receiver of Wreck, who took possession of it on behalf of the Crown.

1875 The first performance of the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky with Hans von Bülow as soloist

1911 London's last horse drawn omnibus made its way from London Bridge Station to Moorgate

1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.

1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314 of 1250 passengers.

1941 16,000 Jews massacred in Odessa

1942 3rd day of battle at El Alamein: Field Marshal Rommel back in North Africa

1944 – Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.

1944 – The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.

1945 Japanese surrender Taiwan to General Chiang Kai-shek

1970 Austrian driver Jochen Rindt wins F1 World Drivers Championship posthumouslyafter Rindt's death in Italian GP practice at Monza

1983 US invades Grenada, a country 1/2,000 its population (US Wins!)

Born Today ;-

1825 – Johann Strauss II Austrian composer

1838 Georges Bizet French pianist and composer

1838 – James Maybrick thought by some to be Jack the Ripper Also a victim of 'The Aigburth Poisoner" - his wife later released 15 years later, his brother was also accused of being Jack The Ripper

1866 Georg Alfred Schumann German composer

1881 – Pablo Picasso Spanish painter and sculptor

1919 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, last Shah of Iran

1932 Harry Gregg (Busby Babe)

1941 – Helen Reddy Australian singer-songwriter and actress

1955 – Glynis Barber, South African-English actress - Dempsey & Makepeace

1962 – David Furnish Canadian filmmaker, spouse of Elton John

1962 Nick Hancock

1984 – Katy Perry singer-songwriter and actress

Died Today ;-

1154 – Stephen, King of England

1400 Geoffrey Chaucer philosopher, poet, and author - Canterbury Tales

1760 George II [Georg August], King of Great Britain and Ireland, Elector of Hanover, dies at 76

1895 Charles Hallé, pianist, conductor and founder Halle Orchestra

1960 Henry George "Harry" Ferguson, Irish aviator, engineer and inventor (Modern tractor)

1973 Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian Olympic marathon champion (Olympic gold, marathon 1960, 64) and Africa's first world record breaking athlete in any sport, who won the 1960 Olympics marathon barefoot

1982 – Bill Eckersley, England footballer spent entire career playing for Blackburn Rover, Born Southport

1993 – Vincent Price actor

2002 Richard Harris Irish actor and singer (A Man Called Horse, This Sporting Life)

2004 John Peel radio host and producer

2014 Jack Bruce singer-songwriter and bass player (Cream-White Room)

[Alikado]

Worldwide Howl at the Moon Night

Intersex Awareness Day

1492 Lead (graphite) pencils first used

1529 Sir Thomas More appointed Lord Chancellor of England

1858 Hamilton Smith patents rotary washing machine

1863 Football Association forms in England, standardizing soccer, splitting with rugby

1863 International conference begins in Geneva aimed at improving medical conditions on battlefields - beginning of the Red Cross

1881 Wyatt Earp, his two brothers and "Doc" Holliday confronted Ike Clanton's gang in a gunfight at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Ariz. Three members of Clanton's gang were killed Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton ; Earp's brothers were wounded.

1901 First recorded use of "getaway car" occurs after holding up a shop in Paris

1912 Woolwich Foot Tunnel under the Thames river in England opens

1916 Margaret Sanger arrested for obscenity (advocating birth control)

1918 Cecil Chubb gives prehistoric monument Stonehenge to the British nation

1919 US President Woodrow Wilson's veto of Prohibition Enforcement Bill is overridden

1919 Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto in E minor, Op. 85, his last notable work, premieres in Queen's Hall London

1922 Italian government resigns under pressure from fascists & Benito Mussolini

1930 Dmitri Shostakovich's ballet "Zolotoy Vyek" premieres in Leningrad

1936 – The first electric generator at Hoover Dam goes into full operation.

1942 – In the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands during the Guadalcanal Campaign, one U.S. aircraft carrier is sunk and another carrier is heavily damaged, while two Japanese carriers and one cruiser are heavily damaged.

1949 US President Harry Truman increases minimum wage from 40 cents to 75 cents

1950 Mother Teresa founds Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta

1951 Emile Zatopek runs world record 30,000m, 25,000m & 15 miles

1951 Winston Churchill re-elected British Prime Minister at the age of 76

1958 – Pan American Airways makes the first commercial flight of the Boeing 707 from New York City to Paris.

1972 Edwin Land introduces the first truly instant camera the Polaroid SX-70

1977 Last natural case of smallpox discovered in Merca district, Somalia. Considered the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of vaccination

2000 – The Sony PlayStation 2 is launched in North American markets with 27 launch titles.

2003 – The Cedar Fire, the third-largest fire in California history, kills 15 people, consumes 250,000 acres (1,000 km2), and destroys 2,200 homes around San Diego.

2017 Jacinda Ardern is sworn in as Prime Minister of New Zealand, becoming the world’s youngest female head of government

Born Today :-

1914 Jackie Coogan, American actor (Addams Family, The Kid, Oliver Twist), born in Los Angeles, California

1916 Francois Mitterrand 21st President of France (1981-1995), born in Jarnac

1941 – Charlie Landsborough

1942 Bob Hoskins actor (Who Framed Roger Rabbit), born in Bury St Edmunds

1947 Hillary Rodham Clinton, US 1st Lady (1993-2001), Senator (NY, 2001-09), Secretary of State (2009-13) and 2016 Democratic Presidential nominee

1953 Rosa Monckton, English businesswoman and notable charity fundraiser, born in Westminster

1953 – Roger Allam, Stage & screen actor - Endeavour

1967 – Douglas Alexander MP Scottish lawyer and politician, former Minister of State for Europe

1971 Ronnie Irani, Lancs & England cricketer , born in Leigh

1971 – Audley Harrison English boxer, first ever British boxer to win Olympic gold in the super-heavyweight division

1973 – Austin Healey, Birkenhead Park, Waterloo, Orrell & England rugby player and sportscaster, Born Wallasey

1982 – Nicola Adams, boxer, retired with an undefeated record and held the WBO female flyweight title, became the first female boxer to become an Olympic champion after winning gold at London 2012, and the first double Olympic champion following a second gold medal at Rio 2016, both in the flyweight division.


Died Today ;-

900 Alfred the Great Anglo-Saxon monarch who was King of Wessex and King of the Anglo-Saxons

1764 William Hogarth English satiric painter and engraver (Rake's Progress)

1944 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, youngest child of Queen Victoria

1952 Hattie McDaniel, 1st African American actress to win an Oscar (Mammy-Gone With the Wind), dies of breast cancer at 57

1966 Alma Cogan singer

1972 Igor Sikorsky, Russian aviation pioneer and helicopter builder

1979: Park Chung Hee South Korean President killed
, is "accidentally" shot dead by the chief of his intelligence service

[Alikado]

National Black Cat Day

National Mentoring Day

World Occupational Therapy Day


World Day for Audiovisual Heritage

939 Edmund I succeeds half brother Athelstan as King of England

1644 Second Battle of Newbury: King Charles I beats parliamentary armies

1651 English troops occupy Limerick, Ireland

1682 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is founded by Englishman William Penn

1838 Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.

1901 1st complete performance of Claude Debussy's orchestral composition "Nocturnes"

1838 – Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.

1913 President Woodrow Wilson says US will never attack another country

1914 British battleship Audacious sunk by mine

1917 20,000 women march in a suffrage parade in New York, US

1922 In Italy, Liberal Luigi Facta resigns in the face of threats from Mussolini that 'either the Government will be given to us or we will seize it by marching on Rome'

1925 Water skis patented by Fred Waller

1936 – Mrs Wallis Simpson obtains her divorce, which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.

1938 DuPont announces its new synthetic polyamide fiber will be called "nylon"

1941 Chicago Daily Tribune editorialize there will not be war with Japan

1942 5th day of battle at El Alamein: heavy battles/Australian advance

1942 US aircraft carrier Hornet sinks off Santa Cruz

1944 Tito reaches free Belgrade

1954 Walt Disney's 1st TV show, "Disneyland", premieres on ABC

1960 Singer Ben E. King records "Spanish Harlem" & "Stand By Me"

1962 Black Saturday during the Cuban Missile Crisis: An American spy plane is shot down over Cuba and the navy drops warning depth charges on Soviet submarines

1962 – By refusing to agree to the firing of a nuclear torpedo at a US warship, Navy Officer Vasily Arkhipov averts nuclear war. In 2002, Thomas Blanton, who was then director of the US National Security Archive, said that Arkhipov "saved the world".

1980 Dave Gryllis sets world bicycle speed record of 94.37 kph

1986 British government deregulates financial markets in a "Big Bang", enhancing London's status as a financial capital while increasing income inequality

1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Dow Jones crashes record 554 pts to 7161

2002 The ITV Network airs a regional service for the last time in England and Wales, LWT loses its identity completely

2008 The banking group BNP Paribas states that Australia is in a risky position with regards to the global financial crisis as foreign liabilities accounted for 60% of the nation's GDP

2011 The Royal Australian Navy announces that they discovered the wreck of a World War II submarine in Simpson Harbour, Papua New Guinea during Operation RENDER SAFE - it is likely to be Japanese.
2017 Catalan parliament meets and unilaterally declares independence from Spain

2018 EPL club Leicester City’s billionaire Thai owner, Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha dies in a helicopter crash in the carpark outside the club’s King Power Stadium following 1-1 draw against West Ham United

2019 Wes Studi is the first Native American actor to receive an Oscar, a honorary award for career achievement

Born Today ;-

1728 James Cook explorer, navigator and cartographer who was the first European to explore much of Australia, the Pacific Islands and New Zealand, born in Marton, Yorkshire

1858 – Theodore Roosevelt 26th US President (R: 1901-09; Nobel 1906), born in NYC, New York

1914 – Dylan Thomas Welsh poet (Child's Christmas in Wales), born in Swansea

1932 – Harry Gregg Irish soccer goalkeeper "The Hero of Munich" for his actions in the aftermath of the Munich air disaster, pulling his teammates – including Bobby Charlton, Jackie Blanchflower and Dennis Viollet – from the burning plane. Among others he helped were Vera Luki?, the pregnant wife of a Yugoslav diplomat and her two-year-old daughter, Vesna, as well as his badly injured manager, Matt Busby. George Best, who used to clean Gregg's boots, said, "Bravery is one thing but what Harry did was about more than bravery. It was about goodness.", born in Magherafelt, Northern Ireland

1932 – Sylvia Plath American poet and novelist (Colossus, 3 Women, Bell Jar), born in Boston, Massachusetts

1939 – John Cleese actor and comedian (Monty Python), born in Weston-super-Mare

1942 Anita Roddick cosmetic manufacturer (Body Shop), born in Littlehampton

1957 – Glenn Hoddle English footballer and manager, TV Pundit

1963 Marla Maples, American actress (Will Rogers Follies), ex-wife of Donald Trump, born in Dalton, Georgia

1977 – Kumar Sangakkara Legendary Sri Lankan cricketer, signed for Lancashire but never played.

Died Today ;-

939 King Athelstan I of England

1327 Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert I of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)

1505 Ivan the Great Grand Prince of Moscow and Russia (1462-1505)

1666: Robert Hubert executed for falsely claiming he started the Great Fire of London and three members of the Farriner family who owned the bakery where it started were present in the jury.

1897 Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, granddaughter of George III, grandmother of Edward VIII and George VI and great-grandmother of Elizabeth II, dies at 63

1935 Ernest Arthur Douglas Eldridge British racing car driver who broke the world land speed record in a 10 litre Fiat Mephistopheles on On July 12th 1924. His was the last land speed record set on an open road.

1988 Charles Hawtrey actor (Carry On films)

2004 Serginho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1974)

2009 David Shepherd, English cricket umpire

2013 – Lou Reed singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor

[Alikado]

International Animation Day

1533 Prince Henry of France (later Henry II) (14) marries Florentine noblewoman Catherine de' Medici (14)

1726 "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift is published

1746 Peruvian cities of Lima and Callao demolished by earthquake, 18,000 die1919 Volstead Act passed by US Congress, establishing prohibition, despite President Woodrow Wilson's veto

1793 Eli Whitney applies for a patent on cotton gin

1811 First known purchase of Jane Austen's novel "Sense and Sensibility" by the Prince Regent (later George IV)

1831 Michael Faraday demonstrates his dynamo invention, an electrical generator

1891 – The Mino–Owari earthquake is the largest inland earthquake in Japan's history.

1893 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducts first performance of his Symphony Number Six in B minor, "Pathetique"

1915 Richard Strauss' Alpensymfonie, premieres in Berlin

1918 – A new Polish government in western Galicia is established, triggering the Polish–Ukrainian War.

1918 – Czech politicians peacefully take over the city of Prague, thus establishing the First Czechoslovak Republic

1922 Italian fascists conduct the March on Rome, leading to the assumption of power by Benito Mussolini

1929 Dow Jones plummets 38.33 pts (13%) to 260.64

1929 1st child born in aircraft, Airline Falconer, in the skies above Miami, Florida

1938 Farewell parade of International Brigade (Barcelona)

1939 Spitfire shoots German Heinkel-111 down above Scotland

1940 – Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum. Italy invades Greece through Albania a few hours later.

1943 German submarine U-220 sunk in the Atlantic

1951 Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina wins Formula 1 World Drivers Championship by taking out the Spanish Grand Prix at Pedralbes in an Alpha Romeo; wins by 6 points from Alberto Ascari of Italy

1954 Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded to Ernest Hemingway

1962 Radio Moscow reports nuclear missiles in Cuba deactivated, President JFK receives letter from Soviet Leaderr Khrushchev suggesting agreement

1978 Don Ritchie runs world record 100k (6:10:20)

2006 Funeral service for the peace of the executed at Bykivnia forest, outside of Kiev, Ukraine, with reburial of 817 Ukrainian civilians (out of some 100,000) executed by Bolsheviks at Bykivnia in 1930s - early 1940s.

2008 In the UK, 500,000 mortgage holders are left in negative equity after house prices drop 15% since the previous summer

2015 World Heath Organization ranks Tuberculosis alongside HIV as world's deadliest infectious diseases, killing 1.2 million (2014)

2015 Research indicating Plague dates back to the Bronze age in skeletons 5,783 years old, published by University of Copenhagen team in "Cell"

Born today ;-

1903 – Evelyn Waugh author (Brideshead Revisited, Scoop), born in London

1909 – Francis Bacon Irish abstract painter (Study for a Pope), born in Dublin

1914 Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (created the polio vaccine), born in NYC, New York

1914 Richard Laurence Millington Synge, British biochemist (Nobel 1952 for the invention of partition chromatography), born in Liverpool

1918 Harold Shepherdson, England soccer trainer 1966, born in Middlesbrough

1927 Dame Cleo Laine, British actress and jazz-pop singer (Flesh to a Tiger), born in Middlesex

1929 Dame Joan Plowright, British actress (Enchanted April, Brimstone & Treacle), born in Brigg, Lincolnshire

1930 – Bernie Ecclestone motorsports impresario (F1), born in St Peter, South Elmham

1938 – Howard Blake composer and conductor Known for The Snowman

1938 David Dimbleby TV presenter and political commentator, born in Surrey

1941 Hank Marvin [Brian Rankin], English rocker (the Shadows), born in Newcastle upon Tyne

1945 – Wayne Fontana, rocker (Groovy Kind of Love), born in Manchester,

1949 – Caitlyn Jenner [born Bruce Jenner], American decathalete (Olympic gold 1976), TV personality, and prominent transgender figure, born in Mt Kisco, New York

1955 – Bill Gates (founder and CEO of Microsoft, richest person in the world), born in Seattle

1955 – Digby Jones, Baron Jones of Birmingham, English businessman, lawyer, and politician, Minister of State for Trade

1967 – Julia Roberts US actress (Mystic Pizza, Pretty Woman), born in Smyrna, Georgia

1982 – Matt Smith actor (11th Doctor in Doctor Who), born in Northampton

1991 – Lucy Bronze England footbaler has previously played for Everton & Liverpool,

Died Today ;-

1703 John Wallis, English mathematician and cryptographer who introduced ? as a symbol for infinity

1792 – John Smeaton, English engineer, designed the Coldstream Bridge and Perth Bridge

1899 – Ottmar Mergenthaler, engineer, invented the Linotype machine

1975 Georges Carpentier, French boxer (world light heavyweight champion, 1st $1m gate v J Dempsey), dies of a heart attack at 81

1989 – Henry Hall, English bandleader, composer, and actor

1998 Ted Hughes Poet and British Poet Laureate (1984-98), dies aged 68

2020 Bobby Ball - Cannon & Ball Comedy act.

[Alikado]

International Internet Day

World Psoriasis Day

World Stroke Day

1390 First trial for witchcraft in Paris.

1618 – Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I of England.

1690 Salem Witch Trials, 200 people accused of witchcraft, with 19 found guilty and executed. Another man was crushed to death for refusing to plead, while five others died in jail.

1787 – Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance in Prague.

1831 - Riots in the city of Bristol as part of the 1831 reform riots against the second reform Bill of the Reform Act 1832 begin.

1863 – Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and agree to form the International Red Cross.

1901 – Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley, is executed by electrocution.

1914 – Ottoman entry into World War I.

1918 – The German High Seas Fleet is incapacitated when sailors mutiny on the night of the 29th-30th, an action which would trigger the German Revolution of 1918–19.

1922 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy appoints Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister.

1929 – The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression.

1941 – In the Kaunas Ghetto, over 10,000 Jews are shot by German occupiers at the Ninth Fort, a massacre known as the "Great Action".

1942 Nazis murder 16,000 Jews in Pinsk, Soviet Union

1944 – The Dutch city of Breda is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division.

1944 – The Soviet Red Army enters Hungary.

1945 First ballpoint pen goes on sale, manufactured by Biro

1948 – Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Safsaf massacre: Israeli soldiers capture the Palestinian village of Safsaf in the Galilee; after, between 52 and 64 villagers are massacred and women raped by the IDF.

1948 – Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The Israeli army kills upto 70 Palestinian villagers during the Al-Dawayima massacre.

1954 Colonel Nasser disbands Muslim Brotherhood

1955 Emile Zatopek runs world record 15 mile (1:14:01) & 25,000m (1:16:36)

1956 – Suez Crisis begins: Israeli forces invade the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.

1957 – Israel's prime minister David Ben-Gurion and five of his ministers are injured when Moshe Dwek throws a grenade into Israel's Knesset.

1958 Boris Pasternak refuses Nobel prize for literature

1967 London criminal Jack 'The Hat' McVitie is murdered by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall.

1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.

1975 'Yorkshire Ripper' Peter Sutcliffe kills first victim, Wilma McCann

1986 Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher opens the final stretch of London's Orbital Motorway, the M25. Then the world’s longest ring road at 117 miles (188.3 km).

1987 Thomas Hearns wins unprecidented 4th different weight boxing title

1993 Dow Jones index reaches record 3687.86

1998 – Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off on STS-95 with 77-year-old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space.

1998 – The Gothenburg discothèque fire in Sweden kills 63 and injures 200.

2003 Tory Leader Iain Duncan Smith resigns

2004 Arabic news network, Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama bin Laden in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election

2004 European Union leaders signed the EU's first constitution.

2011 Record-breaking snowstorm in the northeastern United States leaves nearly 2 million residents without power for more than 36 hours.

2015 – China announces the end of One-child policy after 35 years.

2018 German Chancellor Angela Merkel announces she will not seek re-election in 2021 and step down as party leader

2018 New mega airport opened in Istanbul by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, planning to be world' busiest with 90 million passengers by 2021

2018 World Scrabble Championship won for the fourth time by New Zealand Malaysian Nigel Richards with the word "groutier" (bad-tempered)

2019 1.5 million people without power in California as utility company turns power off to try and avoid sparking more wildfires

Born Today ;-

1877 Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (Yorks & Eng SLA, played Tests 1899-1930), born in Kirkheaton, Yorkshire

1897 Joseph Goebbels politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany

1923 Carl Djerassi, chemist and father of the contraceptive pill, born in Vienna

1925 – Robert Hardy actor (Harry Potter, All Creatures Great and Small), born in Cheltenham

1941 – George Davies, English fashion designer - George - ASDA

1947 Richard Dreyfuss actor (Jaws, Nuts, Mr Holland's Opus), born in Brooklyn, New York

1948 Kate Jackson, actress (Rookies, Charlie's Angels), born in Birmingham, Alabama

1971 Winona Ryder actress (Heathers, Edward Scissorhand), born in Winona, Minnesota

1974 Michael Vaughan English cricketer, TV Pundit


Died Today ;-

1618 – Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for treason

2011 – Jimmy Savile entertainer and suspected sexual predator, dies at 84

[Alikado]

World Lemur Day

1470 Wars of the Roses: Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle

1485 Henry VII of England crowned at Westminster Abbey beginning the Tudor reign

1739 Great Britain declares war on Spain: War of Jenkin's Ear

1772 Captain James Cook arrives with ship Resolution in Capetown

1817 – Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela.

1866 Jesse James' gang robs bank in Lexington, Missouri ($2000)

1873 P. T. Barnum's circus, "Greatest Show on Earth", debuts (New York City)

1888 John J Loud patents ballpoint pen

1899 Battle of Ladysmith, Natal: Boers defeat the British, leading to the Siege of Ladysmith

1899 Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill reaches Capetown

1914 Allied offensive at Ypres begins

1918 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies.

1925 – John Logie Baird creates Britain's first television transmitter.

1938 A radio broadcast of H. G. Wells "The War of the Worlds", narrated by Orson Welles, allegedly causes a mass panic

1939 USSR & Germany agree on partitioning Poland, Adolf Hitler deports Jews

1939 German U boat fails on attack of English battleship Nelson with Winston Churchill, Dudley Pound & Charles Forbes aboard

1941 – President Roosevelt approves $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations.

1941 – Fifteen hundred Jews from Pidhaytsi are sent by Nazis to Belzec extermination camp

1942 – Lt. Tony Fasson and Able Seaman Colin Grazier drown while taking code books from the sinking German submarine U-559.

1944 Anne & Margot Frank deported from Auschwitz to Bergen-Belsen, they die the following year.

1944 Last transport for Auschwitz arrives in Birkenau

1944 Sweden announces intention to stay neutral & refuse sanctuary in WW II

1945 US government announces end of shoe rationing

1947 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is founded.

1952 Clarence Birdseye sells first frozen peas

1956 – Hungarian Revolution: The government recognizes the new workers' councils

1957 Dmitri Shostakovich's 11th Symphony premieres in Moscow

1960 Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

1961 Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb named Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated

1973 The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time

1974 "Rumble in the Jungle": Muhammad Ali KOs George Foreman in the 8th round in Kinshasa with famous "rope-a-dope" tactic

1975 – Prince Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.

1990 Britain and France complete the "Chunnel" under the English Channel

1995 Québec votes in a referendum to remain part of Canada

2002 British Digital terrestrial television (DTT) Service Freeview begins transmitting

2018 German ex-nurse Niels Högel admits in court to killing over 100 patients, making him one of the world's worst serial killers

Born today ;-

1451 Christopher Columbus

1632 – Sir Christopher Wren physicist, mathematician, and architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral

1893 – Charles Atlas bodybuilder

1906 Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver and one-time F1 world champion, born in Turin

1935 Michael Winner, English film producer and director (Big Sleep, Death Wish), born in London

1941 – Bob Wilson (Robert Primrose Wilson) footballer and sportscaster, was the first amateur to have a transfer fee paid (£7,500 Wolves - Arsenal), His unusual middle name, Primrose, stems from a Scottish tradition of giving children their mother's maiden name as a middle name.

1945 Henry Winkler, American actor (Fonz-Happy Days, Night Shift), born in NYC, New York

1956 Juliet Stevenson, English actress (Secret Rapture, Life Story), born in Kelvedon, Essex

1960 Diego Maradona, Argentine soccer forward (World Cup captain 1986, 91 caps), born in Buenos Aires

1981 – Ivanka Trump, American model and businesswoman daughter of Donald Trump, born in New York

Died Today ;-

1823 Edmund Cartwright, English inventor (power loom), dies at 80

1923 Andrew Bonar Law British Prime Minister, He was the shortest-serving Prime Minister of the twentieth century (211 days in office)(Conservative: 1922-23) the first British prime minister to be born outside the British Isles, born Canada, MP for Bootle 1911-18

1979 – Barnes Wallis scientist, engineer and inventor (bouncing bomb)

[Alikado]

All Souls Day

Halloween

Hop-tu-Naa (Isle of Man)

World Savings Day

Hug A Sheep Day

1396 Richard II of England (31) marries Isabella of Valois (6)

1517 – Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.

1541 Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes painting "The Last Judgement" in the Sistine Chapel

1724 George Frideric Handel's opera "Tamerlano" premieres at the King's Theatre in London

1756 Giacomo Casanova escapes from prison in Venice by climbing onto the roof

1815 Cornishman Sir Humphrey Davy patents miner's safety lamp

1863 – The New Zealand Wars resume as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.

1887 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's "Capriccio Espagnol" premieres in St Petersburg

1888 Scottish vet John Boyd Dunlop patents pneumatic bicycle tyre

1914 Great Britain & France declare war on Turkey

1917 – Battle of Beersheba: The "last successful cavalry charge in history", by the 4th Australian Light Horse

1918 Spanish flu-virus kills 21,000 people in the US in a single week

1922 – Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) is made Prime Minister of Italy

1923 First day of 160 consecutive days of 100 degrees F begin at Marble Bar, Australia

1924 – World Savings Day is announced in Milan, Italy by the Members of the Association at the 1st International Savings Bank Congress (World Society of Savings Banks).

1926 Failed assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini by 15-year-old Anteo Zamboni, who was lynched on the spot.

1938 – Great Depression: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the New York Stock Exchange unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.

1940 Deadline for Warsaw Jews to move into the Warsaw Ghetto

1940 – The Battle of Britain ends

1941 – The destroyer USS Reuben James is torpedoed by a German U-boat U-552 near Iceland, killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. It is the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk by enemy action in WWII.

1941 Clothing factory fire in Huddersfield, England kills 49

1942 U-boats sink and damage 120 allied ships this month (659,457 tons)

1943 An F4U Corsair accomplishes the first successful radar-guided interception by a United States Navy or Marine Corps aircraft.

1955: Princess Margaret cancels wedding to Group Captain Peter Townsend.

1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.

1959 Lee Harvey Oswald announces in Moscow he will never return to USA

1961 – In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the Lenin's Mausoleum, also known as the Lenin Tomb.

1968 US President Lyndon B. Johnson orders a halt to all bombing of North Vietnam

1971 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) explode a bomb at the Post Office Tower in London

1973 – Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape. Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escape from Mountjoy Prison, Dublin aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the exercise yard.

1980 Polish government recognizes Solidarity

1984 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two Sikh security guards. Riots break out in New Delhi and other cities and around 3,000 Sikhs are killed, son Rajiv Gandhi takes office.

1984 Puerto Rican tanker 'San Francisco' explodes spilling 2 million gallons of oil as ship caught fire

1993 German unemployment hits national record of 3.5 million

1994 American tennis star Venus Williams makes her professional debut as a 14 year old with a 6-3, 6-4 win over former NCAA champion and world No. 58 Shaun Stafford in the Bank of the West Classic in Oakland, California

1997 British au pair Louise Woodward, 19, sentenced to life for the death of Matthew Eappen 8½ months (judge changes to time served)

2000 – Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station. The ISS has been crewed continuously since then.

2011 Socialite and model Kim Kardashian (31) divorces basketball player Kris Humphries (26) due to irreconcilable differences only 72 days after getting married

2011 – The global population of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the United Nations as the Day of Seven Billion.

2015 Russian airliner crashes killing all 224 on board in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt - Russia's worst air disaster

2017 Two men convicted of raping and inpregnating their 10 year old niece in Chandigarh, India

2018 US and Great Britain call for a cease-fire in Saudi-led war in Yemen, in 3-year war that has claimed over 10,000 lives and created famine conditions

2019 Gas canister explodes on a train in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakaistan killing at least 70 and injuring 30

Born Today ;-

1632 Jan Vermeer , Dutch painter (Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Astronomer), born in Delft, Netherland

1795 John Keats Romantic poet (Ode to a Grecian Urn), born in London

1832 Mary Ann Cotton Murdered 21, mostly family

1887 Chiang Kai-shek Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (1928-1975), born in Xikou, Zhejiang, China

1920 Dick Francis jockey and detective writer (Whip Hand, High Stakes), born in Lawrenny, Pembrokeshire

1926 Jimmy Savile entertainer and suspected sexual predator, born in Leeds

1930 Michael Collins who flew to the moon with Armstrong & Aldrin

1936 Michael Landon, American actor (Little Joe - Bonanza, Highway to Heaven), born in Forest Hills, New York

1937 Tom Paxton, American folk singer / songwriter

1939 Tom O'Connor Born Bootle , Southport Resident

1948 – Michael Kitchen

1972 Matt Dawson England rugby union footballer & sportscaster, born in Birkenhead

1988 – Lizzy Yarnold, With consecutive Olympic gold medals in 2014 and 2018, she is the most successful British Winter Olympian and the most successful Olympic skeleton athlete of all time from any nation. Has also won many World & European Gold medals.

1997 Marcus Rashford England footballer born in Wythenshawe, Manchester

Died Today ;-

1214 – Eleanor of England, queen consort of Castile Daughter of Henry II

1786 Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain, second daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach

1917 Tibby Cotter, Australian cricket fast bowler and soldier (21 Tests, 49 wickets), dies in world's last successful cavalry charge, 4th Light Horse Brigade at Beersheba at 33

1926 – Harry Houdini [Erich Weisz], magician, dies in Detroit of gangrene and peritonitis that developed after his appendix ruptured

1993 Federico Fellini, director (La Dolce Vita), dies of stroke at 73

1993 River Phoenix, American actor (Stand By Me), dies of drug overdose at 23

2006 – P. W. Botha President of South Africa (1984-89) and Prime Minister (1978-84)

2011 Flórián Albert, Great Hungarian footballer

[Alikado]

All Saints Day

Movember

International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day

World Vegan Day

International Scented Candle Day

The first day of winter observances:

Calan Gaeaf, celebrations start at sunset of October 31. (Wales)

Samhain in the Northern Hemisphere and Beltane in the Southern Hemisphere, celebrations start at sunset of October 31 (Neopagan Wheel of the Year)

835 All Saints Day made compulsory by Pope Gregory IV

1210 King John of England begins imprisoning Jews

1348 The Black Death reaches London

1349 Duke of Brabant orders execution of all Jews in Brussels, accusing them of poisoning the wells

1512 Michelangelo's paintings on ceiling of Sistine Chapel in the Vatican first exhibited

1520 – The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.

1570 All Saints Flood, tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland; killing more than 1,000 people.

1604 – William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.

1611 – Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.

1683 The English crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.

1755 – In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between 50,000 and 90,000 people.

1848 WHSmith opens its 1st railway bookstall, at Euston Station

1894 – Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.

1894 Vaccine for diphtheria announced by Dr Roux of Paris

1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.

1911 The first aerial bomb is dropped by an Italian pilot on Turkish troops in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War from an Airship.

1914 – The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.

1919 British Admiral David Beatty becomes First Sea Lord

1922 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk takes Constantinople from Mehmed VI, proclaiming the Republic of Turkey and bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire

1928 Graf Zeppelin sets airship distance record of 6384 km

1931 Dupont introduces synthetic rubber

1939 First animal conceived by artificial insemination (rabbit) displayed

1939 First jet plane, Heinkel He 178, demonstrated to German Air Ministry

1944 Zeeuws & Flanders liberated

1944 Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.

1944 – Donald Watson, an English animal rights activist, coins the term "veganism."

1948 Mao's Red army conquers Mukden, Manchuria

1948 – Six thousand people die when a Chinese merchant ship explodes and sinks off southern Manchuria.

1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.

1952 – Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.

1953 Czech long distance runner Emile Zatopek sets world 10,000m record 29:01.6 & 6 mile mark 28:08.4 in Stara Boleslav, Czech Republic

1955 – The Vietnam War begins.

1960 Benelux treaty goes into effect

1962 Greece enters European Common Market

1965 Ernie Terrell retains WBA heavyweight boxing title; beats Canadian George Chuvalo in 15 round points decision in Toronto

1970 Discotheque in Grenoble France burns, all exits padlocked & 142 die

1970 Fire on Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France, 144 die

1982 Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of their factory in Marysville, Ohio. The Honda Accord is the first car produced there

1987 – British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.

1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.

1998 The European Court of Human Rights is instituted.

2007 5-time Grand Slam tennis winner Martina Hingis admits testing positive for cocaine during Wimbledon; maintains innocence; retires from tennis; no desire for fight with anti-doping authorities

2012 Google's Gmail becomes the world's most popular email service

Born today ;-

1762 Spencer Perceval, British Prime Minister (Tory: 1809-12), born in London

1782 F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1827-28), born in Skelton-on-Ure, Yorkshire

1798 Benjamin Guinness, Irish brewer and philanthropist, born in Dublin

1863 George Stafford Parker American inventor. He invented an improved fountain pen (1890) and founded The Parker Pen Company.

1864 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine A granddaughter of Queen Victoria was also a maternal great-aunt of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Eventually became a nun, founding the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent dedicated to helping the downtrodden of Moscow. In 1918 she was arrested and ultimately murdered by the Bolsheviks. Was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, and in 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate

1865 Monty Bowden, English cricket wicketkeeper and captain (2 Tests; youngest England captain at 23 years, 144 days) stayed in South Africa to participate in the Witwatersrand Gold Rush, went to Rhodesia with the Pioneer Column, and ended up smuggling liquor. In 1892, he died in Umtali . Officially he died of epilepsy, although a fall from his cart, leading him to be trampled under the hooves of his own oxen contributed to his death. Umtali Hospital was nothing more than a glorified mud hut, where his body had to be protected from marauding lions, prior to being interred in a coffin made from whiskey cases.

1887 – L.S. Lowry Legendary painter of industrial scenes, born in Stretford

1907 Terence Cuneo, artist (official artist for the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953)Noted for Paintings of Railways Military scenes , born in London

1920 – Ted Lowe, sportscaster - Pot Black

1935 – Gary Player, South African golfer

1935 André Tchaikowsky Polish composer and pianist. He donated his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company to be used as a prop on stage. Although used in rehearsals, it wasn't used for a performance until David Tennant used it in a 2008 production of Hamlet.

1936 Eddie Colman, (Manchester United died Munich air disaster) born in Salford

1942 Larry Flynt, American magazine publisher (Hustler) & Film producer, born in Lakeville, Kentucky

1947 – Nick Owen,Tv presenter & journalist

1962 – Sharron Davies, English swimmer Olympic silver 400m medley born in Plymouth,

1963 Mark Hughes, Everton & Wales soccer striker and manager , born in Wrexham

1966 – Jeremy Hunt politician and Foreign Secretary (2018-), born in London

1974 – V. V. S. Laxman Lanxs & India cricket batsman (134 Tests; 8,781 runs @ 45.5; best 281, 2001), born in Hyderabad

Died Today ;-

1894 Tsar Alexander III of Russia

1949 Leslie Gay, English cricket wicket-keeper and soccer goalkeeper (1 Test; 3 caps)

1985 Phil Silvers, (Sgt Bilko)

1994 Syd Dernley, hangman (1949-54), dies at 73, holds the record for the fastest hanging on record with Albert Pierrepoint, taking only seven seconds from the time his (James Inglis) cell door was opened until his fatal 'long drop'.

2018 Amal Hussain, Yemeni famine victim who raised world's awareness, dies aged 7

[Alikado]

International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists

1355 English invasion army under King Edward lands at Calais

1648 12,000 Jews massacred by Chmielnicki hordes in Narol Podlia

1859 Abolitionist John Brown found guilty of murder, conspiring slaves to revolt and treason against Virginia and sentenced to hang

1867 Women's fashion magazine "Harper's Bazaar" is 1st published

1899 Boers begin 118 day siege of Ladysmith, Natal

1904 British newspaper "Daily Mirror" begins publishing

1907 US banker J. P. Morgan locks over 40 bankers in his library to force them to find ways to avert New York banking crisis

1914 Great Britain annexes Cyprus

1914 Great Britain declares the entire North Sea a military area: neutral ships will transit it at their own risk

1914 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire

1916 Battle of Verdun: Fort Vaux reconquered from Germans by French troops without firing a shot

1917 In WWI the 1st US soldiers are killed in combat: James Gresham, Thomas Enright and Merle Hay

1924 Sunday Express publishes first British crossword puzzle

1928 Dmitri Shostakovich's 1st Symphony, L Stokovski premieres in Philadelphia

1932 The "Great Emu War" begins: Australian soldiers armed with Lewis Guns sought to cull the Emu population over crop destruction in Campion district, Western Australia

1936 At 3pm the BBC begins the world's first regular high-definition TV broadcast service from specially constructed studios at Alexandra Palace, North London

1943 Jewish ghetto of Riga Latvia is destroyed

1944 Auschwitz begins gassing inmates

1947 Howard Hughes flies "Spruce Goose", a huge wooden airplane for the first and only time, he largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built

1951 – Six thousand British troops arrive in Suez after the Egyptian government abrogates the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936.

1953 Pakistan becomes islamic republic

1954 BBC radio comedy "Hancock's Half Hour" debuts starring Tony Hancock and Sid James, written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson

1955 David Ben-Gurion forms Israeli government

1959 The first section of the M1 motorway, the first inter-urban motorway in the United Kingdom, is opened between the present junctions 5 and 18, along with the M10 motorway and M45 motorway

1960 Dmitri Shostakovich's 8th String quartet premieres in Leningrad

1960 Penguin Books cleared of obscenity for publishing DH Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover"

1965 Craig Breedlove driving FIA-legal four-wheeler, Sonic I, breaks land speed record with a two-run average of 555.483 mph (893.963 km/h) at the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah

1968 A banned march in Derry, North Ireland, by members of the Derry Citizen's Action Committee (DCAC) is joined by thousands; due to the number of people taking part, the Royal Ulster Constabulary is unable to prevent it

1982 Fire in Salung tunnel, Afghanistan, 1,000+ Russians die

1988 The Morris worm, first internet-distributed computer worm to gain mainstream media attention launched from MIT, strikes Pentagon, SDI research lab & 6 universities

1992 First test flight of Airbus A330

1993 Dow Jones hits record 3697.64

2000 The first crew arrives at the International Space Station.

2019 South Africa win the Webb Ellis trophy for a third time

Born Today ;-

1470 Edward V King of England (Apr–Jun 1483), born in Westminster

1475 – Anne of York, Fifth daughter of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville

1636 Edward Colston, English merchant, philanthropist and slave trader, born in Bristol

1709 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, born in Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover

1755 – Marie Antoinette Queen of France (1774-92) who allegedly uttered the phrase "let them eat cake", born in Vienna, Austria

1777 Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom, 5th daughter of King George III, born in Buckingham House, London

1913 – Burt (Burton) Lancaster actor (Apartment, From Here to Eternity, Elmer Gantry), born in NYC, New York

1920 Ann Rutherford, Canadian actress (Gone with the Wind, Whistling in the Dark), born in Vancouver, British Columbia

1927 John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover, English businessman and billionaire

1934 Ken Rosewall Australian tennis player (8 Grand Slam singles titles), born in Sydney

1941 – Brian Poole Rocker - The Tremeloes

1941 Bruce Welch [Bruce Cripps], rocker (Shadows ), born in Bognor Regis

1942 – Stefanie Powers actress (Girl From UNCLE, Hart to Hart), born in Hollywood

1944 Keith Emerson rock musician (Emerson, Lake & Palmer), born in Todmorden

1959 M1 - Britain's First Full-Length Motorway opened, first fatality 4 days later

1972 Samantha Janus singer and actress (EastEnders), born in Brighton

1987 Danny Cipriani English rugby union fly-half, fullback (16 caps; Wasps, Gloucester), born in London

Died today ;-

1895 Jack 'The Nonpareil' Dempsey, Irish boxer (first holder of World Middleweight Championship 1886-90), dies from tuberculosis at 32

1950 George Bernard Shaw Irish dramatist (Pygmalion, Nobel Prize for Literature 1925)

2000 Sue Ryder, Baroness Ryder of Warsaw & Cavendish, British volunteer with Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, dies at 76

2014 Acker Bilk clarinetist who was part of the traditional jazz revival of the 1950s and 1960s,

2015 Colin Welland British screenwriter (Chariots of Fire) and actor (Z Cars Straw Dogs)